Simple Future Tense

Simple Future Tense is used to express an action that will occur or happen in the future. It is used to describe an action which will happen in near or far future after being said about it by the speaker.

Structure of Sentence

Main verb: Base or 1st form of the verb 

Auxiliary verbs: "will"

Positive of Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object
• Subject + Will + Base or 1st form of verb + Object

Examples:

1. He will come here tomorrow.
2. She will buy a laptop at the end of this month.
3. I will meet him in his office tomorrow.
4. They will send us a mail.
5. I will give him a nice gift.

Negative Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main verb + Object
• Subject + Will + NOT + Base or 1st form of verb + Object

Examples:

1. He will not buy a car.
2. She will not come to college.
3. They will not play Cricket.
4. I will not go to university tomorrow.
5. You will not need any help.

Interrogative Sentences:

• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object
• Will + Subject + Base form of verb + Object

Examples:

1. Will they send him an invitation card?
2. Will she marry him?
3. Will they buy a new chair?
4. Will you help me?
5. Will you come here?

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is used to express two types of action which occurred or completed in the past. It is usually used to express an action which occurred a long time ago in past. It gives a sense of completion of an activity in past.

E.g: She had sent me her picture a year ago.

It may also be used to state an action that occurred in the recent past, but if it is intended to convey a sense of completion of the action with reference to other activities taken place after the same action.

E.g: The patient had died before the doctor came.

Structure of the Sentence :

 Main verb: Past Participle (3rd form of the verb) E.g:  gone, written
Auxiliary verbs: Had

Positive Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object
• Subject + Had + Past Participle (3rd form of the verb) + Object

Examples: 

1. She had undergone heart surgery in her childhood.
2. I had lost my camera.
3. They had shifted to a new home.
4. You had gone before I reached.
5. The patient had died before the doctor came.

Negative Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main verb + Object
• Subject + Had + Not + Past Participle (3rd form of the verb) + Object

Examples:

1. He had not informed me about his illness.
2. She had not applied for some job.
3. I had not visited him.
4. You had not helped him when he needed your help.
5. We had not finished our work when he came here. 

Interrogative Sentences:

• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object
• Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object

Examples:

1. Had you completed your task?
2. Had he prepared himself for the exam?
3. Had she prepared some food for the kids?
4. Had I thought about my future?
5. Has he appeared in the exam?

Past Perfect Continous Tense

Past Perfect Progressive tense is used to describe an ongoing action that started in past and continued for some time in past. It expresses the continued nature of an action that started and stopped at some point in the past. The sentence includes a 'time-reference' to show that when the action started in past or for how long the action was continued in past.

For time-reference of the action, two specific words 'since' and 'for' are used in the sentence. The word 'since' is used if the exact starting time of the action is known or intended to be shown in the sentence. The word 'for' is used to express the amount of time for which the action was continued.

Structure of the Sentence:
Main verb: Present Participle (base form verb+ing)
Auxiliary verbs: Had Been

Positive Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object + Time-reference
• Subject + Had been + Present Participle (base form of verb + ing) + Object + Time_reference

Examples:

1. She had been watching the movie for two hours.
2. They were playing football since 10 O'clock.
3. He had been working for a Newspaper for five years.
4. I had been applying for jobs since December 2-12.
5. She had been waiting for you since Wednesday.

Negative Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object + Time-reference
• Subject + Had not been + Present Participle + Object + Time_reference

Examples:

1. They had not been doing their work since 2003.
2. He had not been drinking milk for five months.
3. She had not been trying to get a job since 2002.
4. I had not been listening to music since Thursday.
5. He had not been playing chess since 3 O'clock?

Interrogative Sentences:

• Had + Subject + Been + Present Participle + Object + Time-reference

Examples:

1. Had the kid been watching cartoon for eight days?
2. Had the baby been crying for one hour?
3. Had she been singing songs since 8 O'clock?
4. Had he been working in a hospital since 2001?
5. Had they been playing football for five hours?

Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense expresses an action that occurred in past. It expresses the following type past-actions:

• An action occurred just a little while ago

Examples : 

1. I ate an apple.
2. He caught a bird in the bushes.
3. I met a friend in the market.

• An action which occurred on a regular basis in past

Examples :

1. She worked in a factory.
2. The people paid less taxes in past.
3. The Ancients believed in superstitions.

Structure of the Sentence:

Main Verb: Past simple Form (2nd form of the verb)

Note. 2nd form of the verb is only used in a positive sentence. In negative and question sentence, 1st form of the verb is used as the main verb.

Auxiliary verb: Did

Positive sentence:

• Subject + Main verb + Object
• Subject + Past simple form (or 2nd form of verb) + object

Examples:

1. I bought a laptop.
2. He applied for a job.
3. I ate my meal.
4. They played the game properly.
5. You qualified for the exam.

Negative Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main verb + Object
• Subject + Did + Not + Base form (1st form of verb) + Object

Examples:

1. She did not qualify her exam.
2. He did not find any job.
3. They did not buy a car.
4. You did not eat the food.
5. Kids did not like the movie.

Interrogative Sentences:

• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object
• Did + Subject + Base form (1st form of a verb) + Object

Examples:

1. Did you watch that movie?
2. Did she laugh?
3. Did I call you?
4. Did they shift to their new home?
5. Did he bring his document?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense express an action that started in past and continued to present or recently stopped. It is used to state an ongoing action that has started at a point in the past. A time reference is also used in the sentence to show that when the action started in past or for how long the action continued.

The specific words 'since' and 'for' are used in a sentence to show the time of action. The word 'Since' is used if the exact starting time of action is known or intended to be reflected in the sentence. The word 'for' is used to express the amount of time for which the action was continued.

Structure of the Sentence.

Main Verb: Present Participle (Base form + ing) E.g : going, eating
Auxiliary verb: Have been, Has been

Note :  If the subject of "she, he, it, or a singular noun", the auxiliary verb "has been" is used. If the subject of the sentence is "they, you, or a plural noun", the auxiliary verb "have been" is used.

Positive Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Time-reference
• Subject + Have been / Has been + Present Participle (verb + ing) + Time-reference

Examples : 

1.  He has been living in New York since 1993.
2. She has been working in an organization since 2005.
3. He has been studying this book for three months. 
4. I have been watching the movie since 3 O'clock.
5. They have been teaching in this school for three years.

Negative Sentences:

• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Time-reference
• Subject + Have not been / Has not been + Present Participle (verb + ing) + Time-reference

Examples:

1. He has not been working in factor since 2007.
2. She has not been studying her books for five days.
3. I have not been meeting him since 2012.
4. They have not been completing their work since Monday.
5. Kids have been not been playing games for five hours.

Interrogative Sentences:

• Has / Have + Subject + Been + Present Participle (verb + ing) + Time-reference

Examples: 

1. Have you been going to your college since 2013?
2. Has he been working as a teacher for three years?
3. Has she been writing the report since 7th August 2011?
4. Have they been making a noise for one hour?
5. Have I been wasting my time for three days?

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action that occurred or completed at some point in past. This tense expresses an idea of completion or occurrence of an action in past without giving an idea about the exact time of its occurrence. Though, the time of the action is not exactly known, this tense is mostly used to refer to actions completed in the recent past (not a very long time ago).

• Positive Sentences

            Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object

            Subject + Have/Has + Past Participle (3rd form of verb) + An Object

Examples :

1. The guests have arrived.
2. I have eaten my meal.
3. You have done a nice job.
4. He has received my letter.
5. She has given me her books.
6. They have helped us.

• Negative Sentences

             Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object

             Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Past Paticiple + Object

Examples :

1. You have not completed you work.
2. She has not applied for a job.
3. He has not brought the table.
4. They have not enjoyed the party.
5. They have not called us.
6. He has not started a business.
7. She has not come.

• Interrogative Sentences

         Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object

         Have/Has + Subject + Past Participle + Object

Examples : 

1. Have you prepared yourself for the exam?
2. Has she brought her camera?
3. Has he finished his work?
4. Have they played a game?
5. Have the kids eaten their food?
6. Have I send you a mail?

Present Continous Tense

What Is Present Continuous Tense?

Present continuous tense, otherwise known as the present progressive tense, is formed when the present tense of the 'to be' verb is connected with a present participle. A present participle is a verb that ends in '-ing'. The present continuous tense allows the speaker to talk about things that are and that are not happening now, temporarily, repeatedly, and in the near future. In this lesson, we will go over the uses of present continuous tense and look at examples to help you fully understand how to properly use this tense in a sentence.

Present Continuous Tense Uses

The present continuous tense cannot be used with non-continuous verbs or mixed verbs. A non-continuous verb is a verb that cannot be physically seen. For example, the verbs 'to love', 'to own', and 'to need' are examples of non-continuous verbs. A mixed verb is a verb that can have multiple meanings and behave like a normal or non-continuous verb. The verbs 'to have' and 'to miss' are examples of mixed verbs.
Let's gain an understanding of the other rules for using present continuous tense by looking at a few examples, starting with talking about the present. The present continuous tense can be used to talk about the present when the speaker is referring to something that is happening in that moment or something that occurs before or after a certain time.
If something is or is not happening at the moment, the speaker might say:

• I'm running to the store; I'll be home later.
• The baby is sleeping.
• I am not eating doughnuts for breakfast.

If something is happening before or after a certain time, the speaker might say:

• At two in the afternoon, we are eating lunch.
• When you come home, dinner is cooking in the oven.

Simple Present Tense

The simple present (also called present simple or present indefinite) is a verb tense which is used to show repetition, habit or generalization. Less commonly, the simple present can be used to talk about scheduled actions in the near future and, in some cases, actions happening now.

Simple Present Forms

The simple present is just the base form of the verb. Questions are made with do and negative forms are made with do not.

• Statement: You speak English.
• Question: Do you speak English?
• Negative: You do not speak English.

In the third person singular, -s or -es is added. Questions are made with does and negative forms are made with does not.

• Statement: He speaks English.
• Question: Does he speak English?
• Negative: He does not speak English.

Examples :

Positive sentence 

• Subject + Mainverb + Object

1. The sun sets in the west.
2. I listen to News daily.
3. We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery.
4. They move into their new home next week.
5. He likes music.
6. He works in a school.
7. She sleeps at 10.30pm.
8. They play football in the playground.